Improvement in carpet fabric



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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM WALLACE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF ANDCHARLES MCALLISTER, 0F SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPET FABRIC.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 104.232, dated June14, 1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM WALLACE, of Philadelphia, county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improved Carpet,of which the following is a specification:

My invention relates to an improvement in what are known as damaskcarpets and my improved carpet is composed of the warpthreads andalternate thick and thin filling, or weft-threads, usually employed inmaking carpets of this class. The warp-threads, however, in producing myimproved carpet, are raised in couples for the thick illing, and singlyfor the thin filling, as fully explained hereinafter, so that the fabricmay be more compact in texture, and may have a finer surface thanordinary damask carpet, without the consumption of more material thanthe latter requires.

Figure 1, Drawing No. l, is a diagram representing the disposal of thethreads in inaking an ordinary damask carpet; Fig. 2, a diagramillustrating the mode of making my improved carpet; and Figs. 3 and 4,Drawing No. 2, are views representing the harness ernployed in carryingout my invention.

In order that my invention may be more readily understood, I will firstproceed to describe the mode of disposing of the weft and warp threadsin weaving ordinary damask carpets, reference being had to Fig. 1,Drawing No. l, which represents a portion ot' such a carpet, with thethreads separated or not beaten up.

The warp of an ordinary4 damask carpet consists of a series of woolenthreads arranged in sets, four threads to each set, these i'our threadspassing through one space of the reed in weaving. Thus, in Fig. l, Arepresents one set of four warp-threads; A', an adjoining set, and A" athird set.

These warp-threads, two of which may be of one color and two of anothercolor, are controlled by theusual Jacquard apparatus, which is too wellknown to need description here. It should be understood, however, thatin weaving ordinary damask carpets two warpthreads have been heretoforeinvariably lifted together, both for the thick filling and thin filling.For instance, the two threads a, a of the set A have been liftedtogether, and the same with the two threads b b of the same set, so thatin weaving an ordinary damask carpet the four warp-threads of each setmay be considered two double threads.

The weft-threads consist of a series of thick filling-threads, B, B',B", and B"', and thin filling-threads, D, D', D", and D', arrangedalternately, as shown in Fig. l, the thick illing-threads serving toimpart substance to the carpet, and the thin threads serving to impartstrength as binding-threads.

It will be observed, on referring to this illustration (Fig. l) oi' acommon damask carpet, that the thin iilling-thread D passes under thetwo warp-threads a a ofthe set A, and over the two warp-threads b b ofthe same set, the adjoining thick filling-thread B passing over thewarp-threads a a and under the warp-threads b b, and this disposal ot'the threads is continued throughout the fabric, providing the latter b'ea common plain carpet of one color.

If the warp-threads be oi' different colors, (the two threads a a of theset A, for instance, being green, and the two threads b b of the sameset red,) the disposal of the warpthreads by the Jacquard apparatus, forthe purpose of producing patterns, will, of course, differ from thearrangement shown, according to the character of the pattern; but thewarpthreads of ordinary damask carpets have heretot'ore been invariablyraised in couples, and it is this plan of raising two adjoining threadssimultaneously, both for the thick and thin filling, which. renders thecarpet ot' so open a texture that a lodgment t'or dust and dirt isafforded, while the threads ot' one color beneath can be (listin gnishedfrom above through the interstices between threads of another color;consequently, the pattern ofthe carpet is rendered more or less spottedand unsightly.

The aim of my invention, which I will now proceed to describe, has beento overcome these defects in weaving damask carpets.

On reference to Fig. 2, which illustrates my improved carpet with thethreads separated, it will be observed that the warp consists of aseries of sets ot' threads, four threads in each set, the weftconsisting of alternate thick and thin tilling-threads; in fact,precisely the same threads are employed as in making the common damaskcarpet described above.

For the passage of the thick filling-threads the warp-threads are raisedin couples, as in the ordinary carpet; hut for the passage ofthe thinfilling-threads thewarp-threads are raised singly, or, in other words,the double warpthreads are separated or split for the passage ofthe thinfilling-threads.

Fig. 2, Drawing No. 1, represents the disposal of' the threads ot' myimproved carpet, providing that the same be of one color throughout. Onreference to this figure, it will be observed that the thin lling-thieadD passes under the warp-thread a, ever the warp-thread ci', under thethread b, and over the thread b', while the adjoining thickfillingthread passes under the two threads a and a', and over the twoadjoining threads b and b.

1t will be understood that when a pattern is required to be woven withcolored threads the latterrinay be arranged in a manner diff'erin g fromthat shown in Fig. 2 but the same practice will be observed ofcontrolling the warp-threads-separately for the thin filling', and incouples for the thick filling.

It will now be seen that the difference be tween the old damask carpetand my improved carpet is simply this: in the former the warpthieads areraised in couples for both the thick and thin filling, while in thelatter the warpthreads are raised in couples for the thick filling, andsingly or independently of each other for the thin fillingn This plan ofoperating the warp-threads involves the necessity of' employing peculiarmechanism, for, while the ordinary Jacquard apparatus will serve toraise the threads in couples for the thick filling, other appliances arenecessary f'or operating the single threads for the thin filling.

1 will hriefiy describe the mechanism which I have employed forcarrying` my invention into effect, reference being had to Drawing No.2, in which Figs. 3 and L show the harness, the lines a and arepresenting the sepi arated warp-threads, and x heilig the point wherethe weft is beaten up.

i dispense with the usual comber-board of the Jacquard apparatus, and,in place of the same, use the twelve shafts S S, all of which areconnected to the warp-thread by the harness, in the usual manner, andthese shafts are controlled by mechanism operated from any working partof the loom indcpeiidcntly of the usual Jacquard mechanism, the duty ofwhich is to control the double warpthreads for the thick filling, whilethe single threads for the thin filling are controlled by the shafts Sand the independent mechanism which operates the same.

rJJhe harness ofthe ordinary Jacquard apparatus passes the shafts Sfreely, but has knots with which these shafts come in contact whenelevated.

As different mechanical devices may be einployed for carrying myinvention into effect, and as the above-described mechanism will fornithe subject of a separate application for a patent, the aboveexplanation will suffice for those familiar with the art of weaving tounderstand how the warp-threads may he raised in couples for the thickfilling and singly for the thin filling.

It is this peculiar operation and disposal of the warp-threads inrespect to the thick and thin filling-threads which render my improvedcarpet more compact in texture, and finer as regards its surface, thanordinary dainask carpets.

I claim- The carpet fabric herein described, in which adjoining warpsare raised in couples for the introduction ot' a thick filling, and suchcouples are afterward divided for the passage of a fine weft betweenthem.

[n testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses WILLIAM WALLACE.

WM. A. STEEL, LoUIs BoswELL.

